Moving policy forward: ‘brain drain’ as a wicked problem     

Danielle Logue 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2009,7(1):41-50

The mobility of scientists and the concerns surrounding ‘brain drain’ are not new. Even in the Ptolemic dynasty, the first king set out to attract and influence the movements of scholars to shift the centre of learning from Athens to Alexandria. Yet after all this time, there is still much policy discourse and debate focused on attempting to define, redefine and solve this ancient problem. I argue that the continuing circularity of the debate supports the proposition that the policy issue of brain drain would value from being reconceptualised as a ‘wicked problem’, in order to move policy forward. Drawing upon a historical documentary analysis of the issue from 1990 to 2007 and interviews with current policy‐makers, I propose that reconceptualising this issue will enable actors to collectively and explicitly recognise the fundamental and conflicting perspectives inherent in this social problem that cannot be resolved. This reconceptualisation provides a platform from which policy‐makers can pursue a range of policy responses, attentive to the different perspectives on this issue, rather than spend more time and resources in futilely attempting to achieve a single definitive position and policy response.  相似文献   

脑与行为的进化史观：整合心理科学的“战役式”设想     

陈巍 《青岛大学师范学院学报》2010,27(2):22-28

分裂是当前心理科学所面临的威胁其学科地位的重大问题。而脱离“战役”设想的“遭遇战式”研究横行是造成心理科学内部分支学科林立与研究主题“无公共根基性”涣散的根本原因。伴随进化心理学与进化神经科学的兴起,一种“在心理的天然连接点上对其进行划分”的“行为和脑的进化史观”有望将心理学内部相互割裂的分支学科与研究主题联系起来,并为心理科学的整合运动提供一种“战役式”的设想。  相似文献   

中国人身体自我的测量工具、影响因素与预测模型     

陈红 《西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2010,(6):1-6

最近10年,国内学者对中国人身体自我进行了理论和实证上的本土化探索,主要涉及对身体自我的结构和特点,从正面和负面取向对现实身体自我、理想身体自我、负面身体自我进行了不同层面的探讨;提出了＂负面身体自我图式＂概念和＂负面身体图式指导负面身体自我者的认知加工＂的重要观点,对该认知加工机制进行了一系列实验研究;探讨了负面身体自我形成的影响因素、预测模型;探讨了饮食失调症状人群的特点和学生超重的干预模式;初步探讨了胖负面身体自我注意偏好的脑机制。  相似文献   

工作记忆:人类高级认知活动的核心   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵鑫  周仁来 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2010,(5):38-44

工作记忆是个体在执行认知任务过程中,对信息暂时保持与操作的能力。近年来的诸多研究指出,工作记忆在人类智力、学习、推理、创造力等高级认知活动中起重要的作用。潜变量分析揭示了工作记忆的中央执行系统与高级认知活动之间存在着密切关系;而脑成像研究显示,工作记忆与高级认知活动的共享脑机制可能是两者关系紧密的主要原因;通过对个体工作记忆能力的训练,提升其阅读能力、智力水平等高级认知能力的干预研究,则进一步证明了工作记忆在人类高级认知活动中的核心影响。  相似文献   

Visual but not motor processes predict simple visuomotor reaction time of badminton players     

Thorben Hülsdünker  Heiko K. Strüder 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(2):190-200

The athlete’s brain exhibits significant functional adaptations that facilitate visuomotor reaction performance. However, it is currently unclear if the same neurophysiological processes that differentiate athletes from non-athletes also determine performance within a homogeneous group of athletes. This information can provide valuable help for athletes and coaches aiming to optimize existing training regimes. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the neurophysiological correlates of visuomotor reaction performance in a group of skilled athletes. In 36 skilled badminton athletes, electroencephalography (EEG) was used to investigate pattern reversal and motion onset visual-evoked potentials (VEPs) as well as visuomotor reaction time (VMRT) during a simple reaction task. Stimulus-locked and response-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) in visual and motor regions as well as the onset of muscle activation (EMG onset) were determined. Correlation and multiple regression analyses identified the neurophysiological parameters predicting EMG onset and VMRT. For pattern reversal stimuli, the P100 latency and age best predicted EMG onset (r?=?0.43; p =?.003) and VMRT (r?=?0.62; p?=?.001). In the motion onset experiment, EMG onset (r?=?0.80; p r?=?0.78; p?相似文献   

Recycling Piaget: Posthumanism and making children’s knowledge matter     

Teresa K. Aslanian 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2018,50(4):417-427

A growing body of research incorporates children’s perspectives into the research process. If we are to take children’s perspectives seriously in education research, research methodologies must be capable of addressing issues that matter to children. This article engages in a theoretical discussion that considers how a posthuman research methodology can support such an effort. Piaget’s early and lesser known qualitative studies on children’s conception of the world are re-read along with Karen Barad’s posthuman theory, using Catherine Malabou’s concept of plasticity. Through a plastic reading of Piaget and Barad, I consider how a posthuman theoretical framework might contribute to research seeking to access children’s perspectives. Before concluding, I reflect on some ethical concerns regarding posthuman research in education.  相似文献   

锻炼对脑老化的影响及其机制          下载免费PDF全文

蒋长好  高志青  陈婷婷 《体育科研》2018,(3):65-70

当前我国老年人口快速增长,老年人是人口中的脆弱年龄群体,其大脑机能衰退,认知功能下降、老年痴呆的发病率也在逐年升高。因此,如何保持老年人认知和脑功能已成为近年心理学研究的重要问题。已有的行为研究表明,锻炼可以减缓老年人的认知功能衰退,提高执行功能;近年大量的脑影像研究发现,锻炼对老年人的大脑的结构和功能也有着可塑性影响。回顾了相关的研究进展,讨论了已有研究存在的不足,并提出未来相关研究需要深入探讨的问题。  相似文献   

高校学生脑力和心力素质培养的体育教学研究     

葛庆英 《军事体育进修学院学报》2010,29(3):101-103

基于体育课增强学生体能素质的特殊地位和作用,旨在探索通过调整体育课程的项目内容,改进教学训练方法,有针对性地提高在校大学生的脑力和心力素质,调理心智健康状态,增强应对各种刺激或挑战的承受能力,为顺利完成学业打下坚实的生物学基础。研究系统分析了大学生脑力和心力素质的主要特点;尝试性地提出了体育课的部分项目内容按其功能进行分类的新方法;并从教学时数、教学方法以及教学效能评估方面,就如何加强脑力和心力素质（尤其是中枢神经抑制力）培养进行了深入讨论。  相似文献   

A new presentation and exploration of human cerebral vasculature correlated with surface and sectional neuroanatomy     

Wieslaw L. Nowinski  Arumugam Thirunavuukarasuu  Ihar Volkau  Yevgen Marchenko  Bivi Aminah  Arnaud Gelas  Su Huang  Looi Chow Lee  Jimin Liu  Ting Ting Ng  Natalia G. Nowinska  Guoyu Yu Qian  Fiftarina Puspitasari  Val M. Runge 《Anatomical sciences education》2009,2(1):24-33

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运动技能形成的生物学基础与阶段性特征     

田聚群  邵伟  王晓飞 《山西师大体育学院学报》2012,27(1):118-121

随着神经科学的发展,在突触的水平上来解释运动技能的形成过程已经成为可能。由于在重构神经环路与合成新蛋白质的过程中突触的适应性变化具有一定的规律性,从而在运动技能的形成过程中也表现出相对稳定的阶段性特征。以突触的可塑性和卫星细胞在发育中获得张力的生物力学特征为基础,将运动技能的形成过程分为敏感化、习惯化和自动化三个阶段。  相似文献